May is Skin Cancer Awareness Month, and at MetroDerm, we’re diving skin deep to bring you what you need to protect the skin you’re in. With skin cancer being the most common form of cancer in the U.S., awareness, early detection, and prevention are more important than ever. In this blog, our Dermatology Providers answer your most pressing questions—from spotting the warning signs to sun safety tips that work.
Skin cancer affects over 5 million Americans every year, and it is considered the most common cancer in the United States. More people are diagnosed with skin cancer every year than with all other cancers combined. The good news is that skin cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers.
What causes skin cancer?
Skin cancer is caused by unrepaired DNA damage in skin cells in the epidermis, the outermost skin layer. These mutations cause skin cells to multiply out of control, forming malignant tumors.
There are various reasons this can occur. The most important cause is sunlight, particularly ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). UV radiation causes multiple genetic changes in the skin cells, leading to cancer. Skin cancers on the head and neck are significantly more likely to occur in people with high levels of total sun exposure. The Skin Cancer Foundation mentions that having five or more sunburns doubles your risk for melanoma. Artificial UV light, such as found in indoor tanning beds, has the same effect on your skin cells as sunlight.
Dr. Diamondis Papadopoulos lists risk factors that you should be aware of:
- Complexion – Caucasians with blonde/red hair and blue eyes are at a higher risk of getting skin cancer. However, anybody can get skin cancer, so protecting yourself against UV rays is essential.
- Genetics – If you have family members who have had skin cancer, you are at a higher risk of getting skin cancer.
- History of Skin Cancer – Once you have been diagnosed with skin cancer, you are at a higher risk of developing additional skin cancers.
- Health Issues – Having an autoimmune disorder, such as lupus, or if you have had an organ transplant, puts you at a higher risk of developing skin cancer. Certain medications, such as immunosuppressants, can also increase this risk, especially if taken long-term.
Most Common Types of Skin Cancer
Of the three most common skin cancers, malignant melanoma is the most severe form. Melanoma is a skin cancer of the pigment cells (melanocytes). It is the fifth most common cancer in the United States, following breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer. What makes melanoma more serious than other skin cancers is that it is more likely to spread to different parts of the body, such as the lungs, if it is not detected early. According to the American Cancer Society, melanoma accounts for only about 1% of skin cancers but causes the most skin cancer deaths.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, and the disease starts in the basal epithelial cells located in the lower layer of the epidermis. It is commonly found in areas exposed to the sun, such as your face and neck. The prognosis is excellent if treated early. If delayed, it can cause significant morbidity (pain, disfigurement, loss of function).
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second leading type of cancer, and it starts in superficial cells located in the upper layer of the epidermis. SCC cancers can cause morbidity and can be fatal if not detected early.
How can we help in the early detection of skin cancer?
Know your skin – learn about the early signs of skin cancer and what to look for. By examining your body every month, you will be able to tell if there is something suspicious on your skin. If something doesn’t look quite right or you notice a new growth that hasn’t gone away in 2 months, get it checked out by a Board-Certified Dermatologist.
The American Academy of Dermatology provides a step-by-step guide on how to give yourself a skin exam. Don’t forget to check behind your ears, scalp, and the underside of your feet.
Consider getting an annual skin exam by a Dermatology Provider if you are at high risk of skin cancer.
Preventing Skin Cancer
Some things are beyond our control when it comes to risk factors. We cannot change our skin and eye color, genetic predisposition, or if we are immunocompromised due to transplant surgery, etc. Even so, the best habit for everybody is to protect your skin from the sun using sunscreen, clothing, and brimmed hats.
Dr. Tiffany Alexander says her patients ask what type of sunscreen she recommends. “We tend to say whatever sunscreen you will use. For instance, if you have a darker skin tone and you’re worried about the white sort of residue that it may leave behind, or if you’re just worried about that in general, then you can look for the more sheer sort of sunscreens or maybe even the tinted ones.” The sunscreen you use should have a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 and should be applied at least 30 minutes before you go outside, regardless of the weather or the time of year. Make sure you reapply as needed.
As for clothing, long sleeves and slacks can protect you from harmful rays. A wide-brimmed hat will protect your face and scalp; don’t forget to protect your eyes by wearing polarized sunglasses.
Do you have additional questions? Schedule an appointment with one of our Dermatology Providers at any of our 6 locations.
About MetroDerm
Our team at MetroDerm provides the Greater Atlanta area with Medical Dermatology, Mohs Skin Cancer Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Cosmetic Treatments. You’ll find friendly, helpful, talented Board-Certified Dermatologists, Fellowship-Trained Mohs Surgeons, Plastic Surgeons, Certified Physician Assistants, and Licensed Master Aestheticians at our many locations in Alpharetta, Atlanta-Sandy Springs, Buckhead, Hiram, and Lilburn.